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Chapter VI Primary Stage of Socialism: the General Basis of Chinese RoadI. Understanding of the Socialism development Stages in the History of Scientific Socialism; II. Process and Characteristics of the CPC's Understanding of China's National Conditions; Ill. Proposal of the Theory on the Primary Stage of Socialism; IV. Enrichment of the Theory on the Primary Stage of Socialism; V. Relationship between the Primary Stage of Socialism and the Chinese Road; Chapter VII From Planning to Market: A New Leap on Chinese Road; I. Planning or Market, A Controversial Topic for One Hundred Years

In order to support the building of the Bashu Cultural Tourism Corridor and the aim of turning it into a world-class leisure tourist destination, the quality of Japanese translation of Sichuan-Chongqing tourism promotion texts urgently needs to be improved. Translation for external propaganda is a cross-cultural communication activity. During the translation process, the cultural differences between the source language society and the target language society must be fully considered. Based on the current situation of Japanese translation of Sichuan-Chongqing tourism promotion texts, from the perspective of cross-cultural pragmatics, this study proposes four Japanese translation strategies for Sichuan-Chongqing tourism promotion texts: the distinction between domestic and foreign tourists; implicit expression strategy; text-centered; enhancing understanding. Under the guidance of these four strategies, this study puts forward specific Japanese translation methods for tourism promotion texts with different themes such as urban humanities, natural landscapes, and folk culture.

AbstractObesity is associated with chronic inflammation that affects various organs in the body, including the reproductive system, which is a key factor in male infertility. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) is a natural alkaloid in mulberry leaves, which has anti-inflammatory capabilities, yet, it's effects on obesity-induced inflammation-related male infertility remain unclear. Therefore, this research investigates the underlying mechanism by which 1-DNJ may mitigate fertility impairment in male mice caused by obesity-related inflammation. Male mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity were treated with 1-DNJ or metformin for 8 weeks. Metabolic profiles were evaluated by enzyme method. Reproductive capacity was assessed by sperm viability, motility and counts, immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the testicular damage caused by obesity and inflammation. The inflammation was assessed by measuring the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The activation of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was examined using western blot and immunohistochemistry. HFD induced obesity in mice with obvious lipid metabolism disorder. The obese male mice had a decreased testosterone level, impaired sperm motility, and increased inflammatory factors. 1-DNJ treatment improved the testosterone level in the obese mice, ameliorated the testicular structure damage and improve sperm viability. In addition, 1-DNJ treatment inhibited IKKβ/NF-kB signaling pathway and reduced inflammation in obese mice. 1-DNJ can improve the fertility of obese men by reducing obesity as well as obesity-induced inflammation. These findings provide new insights for 1-DNJ to alleviate inflammation caused by obesity and provide future possibilities for treating male infertility.